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networking, and software

 
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BerichtGeplaatst: 22-09-2018 04:41:20    Onderwerp: networking, and software Reageren met citaat

Legacy Technologies: At the start up, the only access available for browsing the Internet was dial-up access over the traditional telephone wire. The speeds were initially very low, of the order of 9.6kbps, and gradually increased to 56kbps with faster modems being made available in a short span of time. However, these speeds are still much less for using the Internet, particulary for video or voice usage. Then came the broadband Internet, which was an instant success. Traditional dial-up access is now limited to very remote areas or for device control and command.
Typical applications of Internet broadband include#1# but not limited to the following:
The typical applications supported by WiMAC include the following:
1. Broadband Internet access
2. Video streaming
3. Real time applications
4. VoIP, Video on Demand
5. Telemedicine applicationVideo Conference, and others.
The broadband technologies may be broadly divided into the following categories:
1. xDSL
xDSL: DSL provides high-speed networking over traditional phone lines (known as Twisted Pair or TP line) using broadband modem technology. DSL technology allows Internet and telephone service to work over the same phone line without requiring customers to disconnect either their voice or Internet connections. The primary linitation of DSL Internet is that it works over a limited physical distance and remains unavailable in many areas where the local telephone infrastructure does not support DSL technology.
xDSL is further classified into ADSL, ADSL+, RADSL, VDSL#2# and others. Among these, ADSL, ADSL+ are widely used.
ADSL has typical uplink speeds of up to 800Kbps and downlink speeds of up to 8Mbps and works up to distance of 18,000 feet (typical) from the exchange area.
VDSL has uplink speeds higher than ADSL, at 16Mbps and downlink speeds of up to 52Mbps, but works at a much shorter distance#3# typically 4500 feet from the exachange area.
2. Cable Modem
Cable Modem: The local cable TV provider provides the broadband cable connection. Here the cable Internet connection speed varies with the number of users on the service at a specific point in time. Given a specific geographical area, users of the broadband cable service share the connection bandwidth, which slows the speed the more users are on the system. Basically, the bandwidth is shared among the users.
The cable Internet systems can typically operate where the distance between the modem and the termination system is up to 100 miles (160 km). Downstream bit rates can be as much as 400Mbits for business connections, and 100Mbits for residential service in some countries. Upstream traffic ranges from 384Kbits to more than 20Mbits. One downstream channel can handle hundreds of cable modems. As the system grows, the cable modem termination system (CMTS) can be upgraded with more downstream and upstream ports#4# and grouped into hubs CMTS for efficient management.
3. Wireless
These include Wifi,, Wimax, LTE, 3G and others. These access services are typically provided by mobile telephone operators and ISPs.
Wi-Fi creates a network in your home or office, the effective radius will be a few hundred feet at most#5# enabling your office or home computers can get broadband Internet. It uses radio waves, just like TV or mobile phones. You may sometimes hear this zone referred to as a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network).
WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, which is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m).
3G technologies are intended for the true multimedia cell phone typically called smart phones. It allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates it comes with enhancements over previous wireless technologies#6# like high-speed transmission, advanced multimedia access and global roaming. 3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging e-mail, and instant messaging).
For complete discussion on Internet Broadband Technologies, please visit the website TutorialsWeb http:

Author's Resource Box


The website,
maintained by Anand Software and Training Pvt. Ltd.#7# offers comprehensive
tutorials on various technologies, including Satcom, Broadband technologies, href=http: computer-networking target=_blank
title=This external link will open in a new window>computer hardware and
networking, and software. Please visit the website for more information.




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